The evil-doer grieves here and hereafter; he grieves in both worlds. He laments and is afflicted, recollecting his own impure deeds.

The Buddha names the texture of remorse. The evil-doer grieves not because of judgment from above but because of the act of recollection itself. The verse uses no theological machinery — no court, no judge, no afterlife trial. It says only that the doer, looking back at his own acts, finds them impure, and the looking is the grief. The teaching is essentially about memory. We carry our acts forward in the form of our own ongoing relationship to them.